1. The presidential election of 1824 finially had to be chosen by the house of Representatives because out of the 4 members running for the election, no one recieved a majority popular vote and eletoral vote. Andrew Jackson did recieve the highest but it was not enough to win majority. According to the 12 amendment established after the election of 1800 if no one recieves the hightest majority vote, the president would be elected by the House of Representatives through a voting process.
2. To be fair Andrew Jackson should have be elected president. Andrew Jackson was the one who recieved the popular vote and the House of Representatives is supposed to be the voice of the people. Jackson was in the lead for the the whole election. Jackson recieved 42 percent of the popular vote, while Adams recieved only 32%. In the electoral vote, Jackson led with 99 electors while Adams had 84 electors. The people were asking for Jackson so it should have been Jackson.
3. The purpose of the Electoral college was to make sure that it is always a qualified person that gets elected for president. The founding Fathers feared that the public would be manupilated and that the american government would end up with an uneligiable president. The reason for the establisment of the electoral vote was that people of lower class who were not educated didn't have alot say in the goverment. Overall the Founding Fathers created the electoral college because they didn't trust the common people to make the rigth choice. I don't think the president and vice president should be chosen entirely by popular vote. The electoral college creates order and without it there would be more case where there is no majority.
Thursday, November 26, 2009
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
Monday, November 2, 2009
Chapter 9
1. Henry Clay was an important figure in creating the American system. The American system was a Neo-Federalist program to increase economic growth and create a perfect republic by protecting tariffs, making internal improvement and creating a national bank. Under the American system the Second Bank of United States was charted in 1816, which was even more powerful then the first. The Bank of U.S. was used by national government to deposit its funds, to accept Bank notes for payments and taxes. Also, the national government had to buy 1/5 of the Bank's stock.
2. John Marshall decisions as part of the Supreme Court established the independence of Courts and their right to review legislation. His decision strengthen the central government over the state governments. Marshal decision in Dartmouth College vs. Woodward protected the sanctity of contracts and corporate charters. In this court case Marshall ruled that state legislation could not change Dartmouth's royal charter. In the court case McCulloh vs. Maryland he supported the Bank of United States. He concluded that the bank was constitutional under the federal government implied power. He also concluded that Maryland did not have the right to tax the Bank of any other federal agency. In Gibbons vs. Odgen Marshall closed a steamship monopoly saying it interfered with the federal government power over intrastate commerce. All of Marshall's decisions in the various court cases empowered the national government and encouraged entrepreneurialism.
3. Improvments in transportation such as roads, steamboats, railroads and canals made transportation and trading goods easier and cheaper. These also tranformed isolated communities into commercial regions. The Creation of roads such as the National road and Lancaster turnpike didn't help the farmers as much. Even though it helped the settlers to reach the west, the cost was still high. The creation of steam boats and flat bottom steamboats made traveling up river and even at low water easier. Also with steam boats 2- way trade was possible. Steamboats allowed farmers and planters form the interior of United States to ship their goods to New Orleans. The Erie Canal linking Hudson River and Lake Erie created a water route between Northwest and New york city. Canals built by other states linked isolated areas to the Great Lakes and the Erie Canal. Railroad system connected cities to rivers and canals. The first national railroad system developed with 5,000 miles of tracks and other networks of railroads threaten the canal system. For example railroads in the Northwestern states replaced canal and river systems completely. These various new transportation systems reduced the time and money it took to transport heavy goods.
4. During the Market Revolution vegetable gardening and poultry raising vegetables the male's job, while new jobs in the household became the female's work. New iron stoves, store bought flour and eggs made cooking easier but now women were expected to do more varieties of food. The same was with clothing. Even though manufactured cloth was available, women spent all day sewing to create a wide range of clothing that society demanded. Before no one cared about how their house looked like but during the Market Revolution furniture increased so, the woman's work also increased. Women were expected to keep the house clean, So even thought they had no farm work to do and had pre made food and cloth they still spent a lot of time planting flower beds, cleaning, scrubbing, and taking care of kids.
5.While southern Yoeman were tied to their farms and families the Northern Yoeman commercialized and were tied to canal and railroad systems. The southern yoeman still followed the southern folkways. these southern farmers remained tied to the river trade and favored free ranging livestock. These southern farmers kept few arcs to grow corn and left the rest for the southern hogs. The southern farmers depended more on neighbors than on market trade. The Northern yoeman maintained the market oriented farming like in New England. Southern hogs were thin and fast but the Northern hogs were bigger and worth more. Unlike the Southern Yoeman, Northern Yoeman penned their cattle and hogs. These Northern farmers mostly grew wheat and exported this wheat through railways and canals. Southern farmers used old farming techniques while the Northern farmers used the new techniques. While the Southerns used the inefficient shovel plow , the northern farmers used the new cast-iron plows. The northerners used new horse powered, treadmill threshers and hand cranked fanning mills to clean wheat instead having cattle and horses drive over it. The southern's considered these new farming techiques as unwanted and an offense to god.
6.Textile mills were created in order factories across the country with out creating industrialized cities. These factories would also create jobs for the women and children. The key to American textile was a water-powered machines that spun yarn and thread. It was first invented by Richard Arkwright but the first Arkwright spinning in America was created by Samuel Slater. the first mill was a small building but as more mill owners increased factory villages were being built. In these town factory owned land was rented by husbands and fathers of the mill workers who were women. Francis Cabot Lowell copied the ideas of the Rhode Island system and built the Waltham System. The workplace consisted of young single women who wore stylish clothing, attended church and read newspapers. This workforce created a sisterhood of independent wage-earning women.
7. The Market Revolution had a big impact on the Rural and Urban areas in the United States. In Urban areas a new middle class was developing. In the commercial world of the Urban cities their were three social classes. The most wealthy and honorable class were old seaport merchants who became importers and exporters. They also took control of banks, insurance company and real estate. Below them were the middle class manufacturers, lawyers, salesmen, bookkeepers, and accountants. Below the middle class were young men who worked in the back rooms and workshops. Rural areas were also changing. The farmers were becoming more like businessmen. Farmers were planting more crops that were being exported then crops for their families.
5.While southern Yoeman were tied to their farms and families the Northern Yoeman commercialized and were tied to canal and railroad systems. The southern yoeman still followed the southern folkways. these southern farmers remained tied to the river trade and favored free ranging livestock. These southern farmers kept few arcs to grow corn and left the rest for the southern hogs. The southern farmers depended more on neighbors than on market trade. The Northern yoeman maintained the market oriented farming like in New England. Southern hogs were thin and fast but the Northern hogs were bigger and worth more. Unlike the Southern Yoeman, Northern Yoeman penned their cattle and hogs. These Northern farmers mostly grew wheat and exported this wheat through railways and canals. Southern farmers used old farming techniques while the Northern farmers used the new techniques. While the Southerns used the inefficient shovel plow , the northern farmers used the new cast-iron plows. The northerners used new horse powered, treadmill threshers and hand cranked fanning mills to clean wheat instead having cattle and horses drive over it. The southern's considered these new farming techiques as unwanted and an offense to god.
6.Textile mills were created in order factories across the country with out creating industrialized cities. These factories would also create jobs for the women and children. The key to American textile was a water-powered machines that spun yarn and thread. It was first invented by Richard Arkwright but the first Arkwright spinning in America was created by Samuel Slater. the first mill was a small building but as more mill owners increased factory villages were being built. In these town factory owned land was rented by husbands and fathers of the mill workers who were women. Francis Cabot Lowell copied the ideas of the Rhode Island system and built the Waltham System. The workplace consisted of young single women who wore stylish clothing, attended church and read newspapers. This workforce created a sisterhood of independent wage-earning women.
7. The Market Revolution had a big impact on the Rural and Urban areas in the United States. In Urban areas a new middle class was developing. In the commercial world of the Urban cities their were three social classes. The most wealthy and honorable class were old seaport merchants who became importers and exporters. They also took control of banks, insurance company and real estate. Below them were the middle class manufacturers, lawyers, salesmen, bookkeepers, and accountants. Below the middle class were young men who worked in the back rooms and workshops. Rural areas were also changing. The farmers were becoming more like businessmen. Farmers were planting more crops that were being exported then crops for their families.
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Wednesday, October 28, 2009
Chapter 8 questions
1. There were many issues that the new government had to address. The very first issue was, what to call the president. This was a big issue because what they called the President would represent the power and dignity of the government. After much debate the House of Representatives settled on the title "Mr.President." The next big issue at hand was how to settle America's debt. To come up with an economic plan Alexander Hamilton was chosen to the Secretary of treasury. America owed 11 million dollars to foreign countries, especially France. The national and state governments owed 24 million to the American citizens. The problem was that the congress agreed that the national debt had to be payed fast and in full but they were not sure if they should do that for the state debt too. Alexander Hamilton proposed that the National government add the state debt to the national debt. This would cause the money from southern, middle and western states flows into the Northeast colonies who held 4/5 of the national debt. Hamiliton also proposed the creation of a Bank of United States and to put an excise tax wines, coffee and tea. The citizens of America were not happy because Hamilton economic plan closely resembled that of the British which the Americans did not like.
2. In 1789 the American government consisted of federalists, who were supporters of the constitution. An opposition party formed against Hamilton over the debate on the Bank of United States. Thomas Jefferson who was part of the opposition party argued that Congress did not have the right to create a national bank and that it gave congress to much power. Hamilton's argument was that congress was able to charter a bank under the necessary and proper clause. Jefferson and his supporter also opposed the federal excise tax and the idea of including the states debt as part of the national debt. Jefferson argued the Hamilton was only favoring merchants and speculators who only make up a small part of the overall population. The opposition party feared that Hamilton was using the Bank of America to buy the loyalty of the congress and turn the government into a monarchy such as the British government. The federalist response was that a strong central government was the key to the survival of the republic. The federalists believed that without a strong central government, America would return to the localism of 1780's which proved to be a failure.
3. When Washington was in power he had to make the decision of America's involvement in the French Revolution. The Federalist opposed the involvement in French Revolution while the Jeffersonians supported it. According to the treaties signed in 1778 United States was allied with France but in 1793 President Washington declared American neutrality. President Washington and the Federalist wanted a good relationship with Great Britain because the United States commerce depended on the relationship with Great Britain. Ninety percent of American imports came from Great Britain and 90% of America revenue came from the taxes on these imports. Jeffersonians wanted to breaks all tie from the monarchical politics of British and supported the French for carrying on the Republican revolution. When Adams was in power he had to make a decision of going to war with France or destroying American commerce.
4. Problems in the frontier had a big impact on foreign affairs. The Shawnee and other Indian tribes in the Northwest territory were plotting with Britain to drive out all the settlers. This hurt America relation with Britain. Also, settlers in the frontier were refusing to pay the excise tax on whiskey. This led to the Whiskey rebellion. General Anthony Wayne was able to help washing end the Whiskey rebellion and the Indian-British threat. In order stay on good terms with Britain, Washington sent John Jay and the Jay treaty was created. The Jay treaty was a quick fix but it did not solve all the problems.
5. The Alien and Sedition Acts mainly attacked immigrants and the Republicans. The first three acts extended naturalization period from 5 to 14 years, gave the president the power to detain enemies during war, and the power to deport anyone seemed dangerous to the United States. The Sedition Act set jail terms and fines for persons who wrote of spoke maliciously about the government of government and the President of United States. The Alien acts did not have much affect but under the Sedition Act 14 Republicans were prosecuted. The Republicans response was the Virgina and Kentucky Resolves. These resolves reminded the Congress of the fundamental ideas of the Constitution. The Kentucky Resolve which was created by Jefferson argues that the Alien and Sedition Acts gave powers to national government which weren't given by the constitution.
6. Foreign affairs increased rivalry between the Republicans and the Democrats. When the French revolution broke out Democrats did not want to support the french but the Republicans did. Republicans wanted not connection with Britain but the Democrats knew that without Britain their commerce would plummet. These different views of who to support led to discussion of if the political parties were supporters of revolutionary ideas. For supporting Britain, the Republicans argued that democrats were not supporting the revolutionary ideas and views of the common people.
7. The election of 1796 was a very unrepublican and undemocratic election. The federalists candidate for presidency was John Adams and Democratic Republican candidate was Thomas Jefferson. Adams support mainly came from New England and Jefferson's support came from southern states. The crucial states that would decide the winner of the election were Pennsylvania and New york. Jefferson won the electoral votes of Pennsylvania because of John Beckley. He circulated a list of respected candidate in the state legislature so the presidential electors for Pennsylvania were elector who supported Jefferson strongly. In New york, Adams won the state's electoral votes and won the election. In the election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson had the upper hand because the Alien and Sedition Acts made the Federalists and John Adam very unpopular. The Alien and Sedition Acts and the strenghtening of the army made the settlers believe that Federalists really were trying to overthrow the American Republic. The Federalists countered by saying that if Jefferson were to be elected then the French Revolution would be unleashed in the Streets of United States. The Democratic Republicans mainly focused on gaining the votes of New york. In the end, Republicans did win New York's vote and won the election.
8. Jefferson and the Republican's distrusted the Federal courts especially after the Judiciary Act of 1801. The Judiciary Act packed the federal courts with federalists, making it impossible for Jefferson to put one of his candidate because Federal court officers could only be removed through impeachment. The Jeffersonian Republicans did not like the idea of an independent judiciary and wanted judges to be selected by popular vote. In order to replace the members of the Federal courts, Jefferson impeached them without an explanation of how the justices acts were "high crimes and misdemeanors." Jefferson first impeached John Pickering for being an alcoholic. Jefferson also impeached Samuel Chase for prosecuting many Republicans under the Sedition Act.
9. From 1803-1807 U.S. exports really rose but it came to a halt when France, Britain and America continually passed bill and decrees to stop the other countries trade. Britain Blockaded Europe to stop trade with France. Britain also passed the Rule of 1256 where the Royal Navy could seize American ships involved in the reexport trade with France. In Response, Congress passed the No Importation Act which forbade importation of British goods. Napoleon responds to the British blockade with with the Berlin decree which outlawed all trade with the British Isles. This of bill and decrees went on until all of American commerce with Europe was outlawed.
10. In the war of 1812 the War hawks strategy was confusing to many people. Instead of preparing for war over seas like the Federalist and Republican expected, the war hawks prepared for a land invasion of Canada. The War Hawks decided to invade Canada because it was valuable and vulnerable. Canada had bases where British armed Tecumesh's Indian Confederacy. Also, Canadian farmer were supplying colonies in the West Indies when Great Britain was not able to . To the War Hawks invading Canada was the key to end the war. The plan was to invade Upper Canada from the North west to cut of any pro-British Indian tribes but due to a poorly trained army the invasion turned into a occupation of Upper Canada by Great Britain. The invasion from the east didn't go as planned either. First, the U.S. army crossed Lake Champlain and surprised Britain but the militiamen refused to cross the river and reinforce the army. All in all, the war of 1812 in Canada was a complete failure and it proved that the militia cannot be trusted during invasion of other countries.
2. In 1789 the American government consisted of federalists, who were supporters of the constitution. An opposition party formed against Hamilton over the debate on the Bank of United States. Thomas Jefferson who was part of the opposition party argued that Congress did not have the right to create a national bank and that it gave congress to much power. Hamilton's argument was that congress was able to charter a bank under the necessary and proper clause. Jefferson and his supporter also opposed the federal excise tax and the idea of including the states debt as part of the national debt. Jefferson argued the Hamilton was only favoring merchants and speculators who only make up a small part of the overall population. The opposition party feared that Hamilton was using the Bank of America to buy the loyalty of the congress and turn the government into a monarchy such as the British government. The federalist response was that a strong central government was the key to the survival of the republic. The federalists believed that without a strong central government, America would return to the localism of 1780's which proved to be a failure.
3. When Washington was in power he had to make the decision of America's involvement in the French Revolution. The Federalist opposed the involvement in French Revolution while the Jeffersonians supported it. According to the treaties signed in 1778 United States was allied with France but in 1793 President Washington declared American neutrality. President Washington and the Federalist wanted a good relationship with Great Britain because the United States commerce depended on the relationship with Great Britain. Ninety percent of American imports came from Great Britain and 90% of America revenue came from the taxes on these imports. Jeffersonians wanted to breaks all tie from the monarchical politics of British and supported the French for carrying on the Republican revolution. When Adams was in power he had to make a decision of going to war with France or destroying American commerce.
4. Problems in the frontier had a big impact on foreign affairs. The Shawnee and other Indian tribes in the Northwest territory were plotting with Britain to drive out all the settlers. This hurt America relation with Britain. Also, settlers in the frontier were refusing to pay the excise tax on whiskey. This led to the Whiskey rebellion. General Anthony Wayne was able to help washing end the Whiskey rebellion and the Indian-British threat. In order stay on good terms with Britain, Washington sent John Jay and the Jay treaty was created. The Jay treaty was a quick fix but it did not solve all the problems.
5. The Alien and Sedition Acts mainly attacked immigrants and the Republicans. The first three acts extended naturalization period from 5 to 14 years, gave the president the power to detain enemies during war, and the power to deport anyone seemed dangerous to the United States. The Sedition Act set jail terms and fines for persons who wrote of spoke maliciously about the government of government and the President of United States. The Alien acts did not have much affect but under the Sedition Act 14 Republicans were prosecuted. The Republicans response was the Virgina and Kentucky Resolves. These resolves reminded the Congress of the fundamental ideas of the Constitution. The Kentucky Resolve which was created by Jefferson argues that the Alien and Sedition Acts gave powers to national government which weren't given by the constitution.
6. Foreign affairs increased rivalry between the Republicans and the Democrats. When the French revolution broke out Democrats did not want to support the french but the Republicans did. Republicans wanted not connection with Britain but the Democrats knew that without Britain their commerce would plummet. These different views of who to support led to discussion of if the political parties were supporters of revolutionary ideas. For supporting Britain, the Republicans argued that democrats were not supporting the revolutionary ideas and views of the common people.
7. The election of 1796 was a very unrepublican and undemocratic election. The federalists candidate for presidency was John Adams and Democratic Republican candidate was Thomas Jefferson. Adams support mainly came from New England and Jefferson's support came from southern states. The crucial states that would decide the winner of the election were Pennsylvania and New york. Jefferson won the electoral votes of Pennsylvania because of John Beckley. He circulated a list of respected candidate in the state legislature so the presidential electors for Pennsylvania were elector who supported Jefferson strongly. In New york, Adams won the state's electoral votes and won the election. In the election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson had the upper hand because the Alien and Sedition Acts made the Federalists and John Adam very unpopular. The Alien and Sedition Acts and the strenghtening of the army made the settlers believe that Federalists really were trying to overthrow the American Republic. The Federalists countered by saying that if Jefferson were to be elected then the French Revolution would be unleashed in the Streets of United States. The Democratic Republicans mainly focused on gaining the votes of New york. In the end, Republicans did win New York's vote and won the election.
8. Jefferson and the Republican's distrusted the Federal courts especially after the Judiciary Act of 1801. The Judiciary Act packed the federal courts with federalists, making it impossible for Jefferson to put one of his candidate because Federal court officers could only be removed through impeachment. The Jeffersonian Republicans did not like the idea of an independent judiciary and wanted judges to be selected by popular vote. In order to replace the members of the Federal courts, Jefferson impeached them without an explanation of how the justices acts were "high crimes and misdemeanors." Jefferson first impeached John Pickering for being an alcoholic. Jefferson also impeached Samuel Chase for prosecuting many Republicans under the Sedition Act.
9. From 1803-1807 U.S. exports really rose but it came to a halt when France, Britain and America continually passed bill and decrees to stop the other countries trade. Britain Blockaded Europe to stop trade with France. Britain also passed the Rule of 1256 where the Royal Navy could seize American ships involved in the reexport trade with France. In Response, Congress passed the No Importation Act which forbade importation of British goods. Napoleon responds to the British blockade with with the Berlin decree which outlawed all trade with the British Isles. This of bill and decrees went on until all of American commerce with Europe was outlawed.
10. In the war of 1812 the War hawks strategy was confusing to many people. Instead of preparing for war over seas like the Federalist and Republican expected, the war hawks prepared for a land invasion of Canada. The War Hawks decided to invade Canada because it was valuable and vulnerable. Canada had bases where British armed Tecumesh's Indian Confederacy. Also, Canadian farmer were supplying colonies in the West Indies when Great Britain was not able to . To the War Hawks invading Canada was the key to end the war. The plan was to invade Upper Canada from the North west to cut of any pro-British Indian tribes but due to a poorly trained army the invasion turned into a occupation of Upper Canada by Great Britain. The invasion from the east didn't go as planned either. First, the U.S. army crossed Lake Champlain and surprised Britain but the militiamen refused to cross the river and reinforce the army. All in all, the war of 1812 in Canada was a complete failure and it proved that the militia cannot be trusted during invasion of other countries.
Sunday, October 25, 2009
political parties
1. The federalists believed that there should be a loose interpertation of the constitution while the republicans there should be a strict interperatation of the constitution. The federalists are less in favor of democracy then the republicans. The federalist believe that the common man cannot make political decision. They believe more power should be given to the government because they belive that "The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right." The Republicans believed that power and freedom should be given to the "mass of the people." They belive that the government should help the farmers, not put a debt on them like the Federalists planned to. Republicans do not consider working in factories as a good job. Thomas Jefferson says ,"While we have land to labor then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a work-bench, or twirling a distaff...." He believes that manufacturing should be left to England and America should the raw material.
2. The Republicans are more idealistic then the Federalists. The Republicans want America to be a perfect union where all men are truly considered to be equal. The federalist know that is not possible. Alexander Hamilton says," All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people.... " As Hamilton said, it is hard to consider everyone to be equal if society divides people into different social classes. Republican views and ideas are solely based on the Revolutionary ideals. From the Articles of Confederation, America found out that they cannot create a government only based on revolutionary ideas. The Republicans realize this so, their ideas are based on the present situation and the present countries debt.
3. The purpose of Hamilton's program was to create a strong and prosperous nation. Hamilton's job as the secretary of Treasurer was to clear America's war debt. Hamilton believe that in order for a country to success it had to gain trust of foreign nation to invest in America. To do this he proposed a plan to excise taxes on whiskey and to create a Bank of United states. He did not want to bind the wealthy class loyalties to the government. He believed that wealthy class already had a major tax burden so, he proposed that the common people should also have tax burden on them.
4. After the election of 1800 the federalist gave up the government to the Republican. Since then, for a while there has not been a federalist president. Also Hamiliton died soon after the election. With his death the strenght of the Federalist also died out. Also with the election of 1800 the Federalist reputation was ruined. The Republicans attacked the Federalist by calling John Adams a monarchist.
5. The significance of the presidential election of 1800 was that it created a positive role for political parties. Also, it was one of harshest election in U.S. history. The Republicans were saying that "John Adams is an avowed Monarchist...." The Federalist responded by saying that Jefferson was a political radical. Jefferson was winning people over by talking about the major revolutionary ideal such as protecting states' rights and civil liberties. Jefferson won this election put the Republicans in power of the government. This made the federalist party an opposing party. The election of 1800 made the Federalist party a loyal opposition. The Federalists disagreed with the ruling party but stayed loyal to the Constitution.
1. James Monore favored a one party system. During his presidency he proposed a fusion policy. He wanted all American to be united under the Republican party. During his reelection there was not even a Federalist nominee. He believed that there should not be more then one party to a free government. Martin Van Buren favored the opposite of Monore. Buren believed in a loyal opposition party or the two party system. He believed that for each political view there should be a political party. While Monore believes two parties shouldn't be in free government, Buren believes that opposing parties and free government are entwined together. I agree with Van Buren because when there is only one political party then the government doesn't portray the views of everyone in the country. Having two political parties makes the government equal.
2. The constitution provided for an Electoral college system, in the election of the president instead of popular vote because there won't be a popular majority vote for any president if election was done by popular vote. It would be very hard to inform all the population of the United States about the credentials of the various candidates. Without sufficient information about the candidates the population would just choose that came from their states or just likes in general. The vote of the population wouldn't be based on character or intellect but on just appearance. The electoral college should stay the same because it is a balance between federal and state power. In the Electoral College system the people choose their electors and then the electors choose the president. If the senate chose the president then it destroys it destroys the balance of power between the three branches of government. If the state governments chose the president then the state would influence the government grealty and the states might rise against the federal government.
2. The Republicans are more idealistic then the Federalists. The Republicans want America to be a perfect union where all men are truly considered to be equal. The federalist know that is not possible. Alexander Hamilton says," All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and well born, the other the mass of the people.... " As Hamilton said, it is hard to consider everyone to be equal if society divides people into different social classes. Republican views and ideas are solely based on the Revolutionary ideals. From the Articles of Confederation, America found out that they cannot create a government only based on revolutionary ideas. The Republicans realize this so, their ideas are based on the present situation and the present countries debt.
3. The purpose of Hamilton's program was to create a strong and prosperous nation. Hamilton's job as the secretary of Treasurer was to clear America's war debt. Hamilton believe that in order for a country to success it had to gain trust of foreign nation to invest in America. To do this he proposed a plan to excise taxes on whiskey and to create a Bank of United states. He did not want to bind the wealthy class loyalties to the government. He believed that wealthy class already had a major tax burden so, he proposed that the common people should also have tax burden on them.
4. After the election of 1800 the federalist gave up the government to the Republican. Since then, for a while there has not been a federalist president. Also Hamiliton died soon after the election. With his death the strenght of the Federalist also died out. Also with the election of 1800 the Federalist reputation was ruined. The Republicans attacked the Federalist by calling John Adams a monarchist.
5. The significance of the presidential election of 1800 was that it created a positive role for political parties. Also, it was one of harshest election in U.S. history. The Republicans were saying that "John Adams is an avowed Monarchist...." The Federalist responded by saying that Jefferson was a political radical. Jefferson was winning people over by talking about the major revolutionary ideal such as protecting states' rights and civil liberties. Jefferson won this election put the Republicans in power of the government. This made the federalist party an opposing party. The election of 1800 made the Federalist party a loyal opposition. The Federalists disagreed with the ruling party but stayed loyal to the Constitution.
1. James Monore favored a one party system. During his presidency he proposed a fusion policy. He wanted all American to be united under the Republican party. During his reelection there was not even a Federalist nominee. He believed that there should not be more then one party to a free government. Martin Van Buren favored the opposite of Monore. Buren believed in a loyal opposition party or the two party system. He believed that for each political view there should be a political party. While Monore believes two parties shouldn't be in free government, Buren believes that opposing parties and free government are entwined together. I agree with Van Buren because when there is only one political party then the government doesn't portray the views of everyone in the country. Having two political parties makes the government equal.
2. The constitution provided for an Electoral college system, in the election of the president instead of popular vote because there won't be a popular majority vote for any president if election was done by popular vote. It would be very hard to inform all the population of the United States about the credentials of the various candidates. Without sufficient information about the candidates the population would just choose that came from their states or just likes in general. The vote of the population wouldn't be based on character or intellect but on just appearance. The electoral college should stay the same because it is a balance between federal and state power. In the Electoral College system the people choose their electors and then the electors choose the president. If the senate chose the president then it destroys it destroys the balance of power between the three branches of government. If the state governments chose the president then the state would influence the government grealty and the states might rise against the federal government.
The New Republic
1. Washington believes that at some level political parties are indeed a good check on the government but still warns people of the dangers of political parties. In his farewell address he states political parties “serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration” and that it is not a spirit to be encouraged. He fears that political parties will creates jealousies between people and riots. He believes that political parties give an open door to foreign influence. He fears that with foreign countries will find access to the United States government and impose its policies on the U.S. government. Washington feared that people will only base their vote for president according to the person's political party and not the person's character.
2 In his farewell address, Washington warns the citizens of America that foreign countries will try to weaken America and destroy its independence. He says, “ in extending out commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible.” Washington advices America that it should have no political connections with other nation and that its only connection should be commerce.
3. Washington was concerned about these two issues because America was still very young and had little experience with political parties and relationships with other nations. He feared that politcal parties will take away the independence that they have worked so hard to create. He especially feared that the democratic republican's with the help from France will take over america. At the time of Washington's farewell address, it was still the beginnings of the American government so, Washington feared that foreign nations could influence it.
4. Today, Political parties dominate the political process. Every president we have had so far was either part of the Democratic of Republican party. Just as Washington assumed the present population just chooses a candidate because they are from their own party. Washington worried that political parties would destroy democracy and go against the consitution but our present political parties are just different view of democracy.
5. Yes, Washington advised america to not get political involved with other nations but we did not listen. They are still applicable today because at anytime political interaction with another country disturbs the country at home.
From Gordon S. Wood story “ The Greatness of George Washington”, I can conclude that Washington does deserve the praise he had received for the past 200 years. Washington was a great war hero, was involved in the Constitutional convention and was elected the first president of the United States but it was his character that determined his Greatness. He was a perfect role model for the 18th century Enlightened man. Without Washington’s moral support the constitution might not even have accepted by the colonists.
Washington was a strict follower of the book of gentility. He valued his appearance in society. He worked all of his life to keep up with his reputation as a hero and leader. He was a perfect role model for every enlightened man during that time. For this reason, the colonist praised him. Every man wanted to be like George Washington. Washington defined what a proper gentleman was supposed to be like. A proper gentleman was a person who was civilized, impartial and was not consumed with only making profit. A gentleman sacrificed his desires for the good of his country and was not involved in religion. Every man during this time strived to be a gentlemen and Washington achieved it so, this achievement made him stand out. It was Washington’s character that led the delegates to choose him as the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention. During the Convention Washington rarely contributed ideas but he was important figure because his support for the new constitution meant a lot. People believed and trusted Washington so, his words can persuade people. Washington wrote many letter to his friends showing his excitement about the new government. He helped spread the word of the constitution in a positive way. Some believe that without Washington’s support the constitution would not have been ratified and create a government that still exists today. James Monroe says about Washington, " Be assured, his influence carried this government." He had all the characteristics a Republican leader needed. When Washington became president he devolped the government. He gave it stability and order. Eventhough the constitution layed the rules for a government, it was Washington who carried out these rules.
In conclusion, Washington should always be remember Washington because his character and moral support help lay the Foundation for the government that we have today. Eventhough Washington lived in the past his actions affected our future.
2 In his farewell address, Washington warns the citizens of America that foreign countries will try to weaken America and destroy its independence. He says, “ in extending out commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible.” Washington advices America that it should have no political connections with other nation and that its only connection should be commerce.
3. Washington was concerned about these two issues because America was still very young and had little experience with political parties and relationships with other nations. He feared that politcal parties will take away the independence that they have worked so hard to create. He especially feared that the democratic republican's with the help from France will take over america. At the time of Washington's farewell address, it was still the beginnings of the American government so, Washington feared that foreign nations could influence it.
4. Today, Political parties dominate the political process. Every president we have had so far was either part of the Democratic of Republican party. Just as Washington assumed the present population just chooses a candidate because they are from their own party. Washington worried that political parties would destroy democracy and go against the consitution but our present political parties are just different view of democracy.
5. Yes, Washington advised america to not get political involved with other nations but we did not listen. They are still applicable today because at anytime political interaction with another country disturbs the country at home.
From Gordon S. Wood story “ The Greatness of George Washington”, I can conclude that Washington does deserve the praise he had received for the past 200 years. Washington was a great war hero, was involved in the Constitutional convention and was elected the first president of the United States but it was his character that determined his Greatness. He was a perfect role model for the 18th century Enlightened man. Without Washington’s moral support the constitution might not even have accepted by the colonists.
Washington was a strict follower of the book of gentility. He valued his appearance in society. He worked all of his life to keep up with his reputation as a hero and leader. He was a perfect role model for every enlightened man during that time. For this reason, the colonist praised him. Every man wanted to be like George Washington. Washington defined what a proper gentleman was supposed to be like. A proper gentleman was a person who was civilized, impartial and was not consumed with only making profit. A gentleman sacrificed his desires for the good of his country and was not involved in religion. Every man during this time strived to be a gentlemen and Washington achieved it so, this achievement made him stand out. It was Washington’s character that led the delegates to choose him as the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention. During the Convention Washington rarely contributed ideas but he was important figure because his support for the new constitution meant a lot. People believed and trusted Washington so, his words can persuade people. Washington wrote many letter to his friends showing his excitement about the new government. He helped spread the word of the constitution in a positive way. Some believe that without Washington’s support the constitution would not have been ratified and create a government that still exists today. James Monroe says about Washington, " Be assured, his influence carried this government." He had all the characteristics a Republican leader needed. When Washington became president he devolped the government. He gave it stability and order. Eventhough the constitution layed the rules for a government, it was Washington who carried out these rules.
In conclusion, Washington should always be remember Washington because his character and moral support help lay the Foundation for the government that we have today. Eventhough Washington lived in the past his actions affected our future.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
letter from an American Farmer
1.Crèvecouer contrast American society with that of Europe by the amount of freedom in the society. In america there are "no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical dominion, no invisible power giving to a few a very visible one; no great manufacturers employing thousands." Crevecouer says americans are "united by the silken bands of mild government, all respecting the laws, without dreading their power, because they are equitable. He compares British society with American society by saying that there is no distint social classes like there are in Europe. "The rich and the poor are not so far removed from each other as they are in Europe."
2.Crèvecoeur doesn't include Spain in the list of nationalities that have blended together to create a new man. There were spanish settlement in California and lousiana so there were some spainard living on land which made up america. The biggest that he omitted from the list are the Native Americans and Africans. Africans make up a big part of the souther population and Native Americans lived the American territories and colonies.
2.Crèvecoeur doesn't include Spain in the list of nationalities that have blended together to create a new man. There were spanish settlement in California and lousiana so there were some spainard living on land which made up america. The biggest that he omitted from the list are the Native Americans and Africans. Africans make up a big part of the souther population and Native Americans lived the American territories and colonies.
3. He describes the back- settlers as people that are "entirely different from those that live in the plains." He say the back-settlers are " half civilized, half savage." The future that he projects is that in 10 to 12 years " prosperity will polish some, vice and the law will drive off the rest, who uniting again with others like themselves will recede still farther; making room for more industrious people. The few people that do come back will change the "barbarous country into a fine fertile, well regulated district."
4. the important elements in national character is to leave behind all prejudices be honest and work hard. If you are an artisan, farmer, or any other profession you are considered equal with everyone.
5. Like Crevecour predicted, by 1820 the white settlers moved to the frontier forcing the native american out of their ancestral land.
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