1. In the 1970's not only did the population growth decrease but the distribution of the population changed. Before most of the population was in the North and East but after 1970 the population shifted to the South and West. According to the 1980 census, the fastest growing states were Nevada California, Florida, Arizona and Alaska which became to be known as the Sunbelt. The shift in population also affected the political power of some states. In 1990 and 2000, California gained eight seats in the House of Representative and Florida gained six while some northern and eastern states lost some seats in the House of Representatives. There are numerous reasons that caused this demographic shift. Some of the reasons are affordable air conditioning, tourism, and retirement communities in the the Sunbelt. The Sunbelt also attracted manufactures because the low labor cost there due to the absence of strong union and the growth of NASA stimulated economic development in the Sunbelt states. Another major reason for population increase in the Sunbelt is immigration
2. During the 20th century, many of the immigrants were from Mexico. Much of the immigration was spurred by the Mexican Revolution, the labor shortage caused by the two world wars and the Korean conflict. Many of the migrants came as seasonal agicultural worker. Other immigrants during the 20th century were from Puerto Rica and Cuba. Cubans began migrating in large numbers due to Fidel Castro's revolution. Immigration increased more with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965, which ended the quotas but placed a limit of 20000 immigrants for every country. Also in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter admitted many Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian and Hmnog for helping the U.S. during the war. This act increased the number refugee which led to the passage of the Refugee Act. This Act made it easy for many refugee to enter the U.S. but very hard for people seeking improve economic lot such as the Haitians. Yet people who were decline immigration easily made into the United state illegally. This led to the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 which imposed stricter penalities on business employing undocumented workers and granted residency to people who were able to prove they had been living in the US since 1982.
3. The most important technological advances occurred in Biotechnology, high-performance comouting and comunication systems. In 2000, the Human Genome Project successfully mapped the entire human genetic code. This discovery deepened scientists understanding of genetic engineering and promised new approaches to the treatments of cancer and other genetic disorders. Genetic engineering also benefited farmers who were able to increase their agircultural yeild by producing genetically modified crops. Although biotechnology provided many benefits to humans, there were also critics who feared the biotechnological advances would lead to a decline in biodiversity and they brought up ethical issues. The computer revolution entered a new phase during the 1970's when microchips increased the hardware capability and reduced the size and cost of computers, which made home computer more available to the public. These high-performance computer with powerful memory capabilites and parallel processors whic allow many operation to run simultaneously began to transform both indusry and information systems. Also labor costs were cut down because of computerize factories and robotics. Communications also improved with new techonolgies such as fiber optics and satellite transmission. The information revolution replaced normal post with electronic mail, fax and cell phones.
4.
5. As TVs and computers became a common luxury in homes, TV programming also changed. The programs in the mid 1970s and mid 1980 aimed to target urban and suburban people under the age of 50. CBS introduced more edgier programming such as "All in the Family" while ABC introduced programs that attracted more high school and college-age viewers and NBC brought humor to TV programming with the show Saturday Night Live. At the same time, independent local station suddenly thrived. The one local station that rose above the others was FOX with its first big hit, "The Simpsons." The WB and UPN networks soon followed FOX method, but all six of the channels were challenged when CATV, cable television was introduced. Cable Television allowed vewiers to watch various types of programs. Cable televison became even more popular when Ted Turner introduce CNN, movie channels and all-cartoon network to CATV. Soon as the ratings for network programs were going down, NBC and FOX expanded into the CATV industry.
6.The New Woman's Movement still focused on political empowerment but gender equality in the workplace and more financial aid for single mothers. During this time the number of children living in low-income, female-headed families were increasing. Activists tried improve this situation by encouraging the public to provide more assistance to single mother. Homeless shelter which once accommodated only men, increasingly tried to meet he needs of women and children. In order to help single mother the government tried to encourage more women to join the workforce but the workplace was laced with inequalities. The average female worker still made less than 70 cents for every dollar earned by the average male worker. Also, it was very hard for women to get a promotion in the male dominated workforce. Sexual harassment was another big issue Woman's movement fought for. The Supreme Court ruled that sexual harassment was a form of discrimination which was covered under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The pressure for gender equity from the woman's movement greatly affected some institutions such as the Country Clubs and Protestant church which started include women in their group.
7. During this time, African Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, and Asian American developed and high sense of cultural identity. During the 20th century African Americans expressed black power and cultural pride. This sense of cultural pride is shown by the movie, Malcolm X and the creation of the Black Entertainment Television network which aimed its programming especially to African American viewers. Although it has been many since the emancipation of the slave African American activists still had to fight for equal treatment in the legal and criminal justice systems. One form of the discrimination that African Americans faced was the differences in sentencing of convicted felons. Courts imposed much harsher sentences for crimes involving drugs such as crack and cocaine, which were more consumed in African American communities, than for crimes involving more expensive form of cocaine, that is favored by white American. Also, in general the African American were more likely to recieve the death sentence for capital crime that felons of other ethnicity. African Americans also faced racial profiling. Police were more suspicious of African Americans and they would stop black motorists more ofter than members of any other ethnic group. Although African American still had to face racial discrimination, they did gain more political power. In 1970 13 African Americans formed the Congressional Black Caucus. During the 20th century, American Indians fought back for their native lands, political power, and equality. There were also legal and social changes were taking place at the same. The Civil Rights act of 1968 also included sections known as the "Indian Bill of Rights". These sections extended many of the rights stated in the Bill of Rights to American Indians. American Indian activism also fought to protect their tribal identity. American Indians sued to protect tribal waters, traditional religious ceremonies and to secure repatriation of Indian skeletal remains. Powwows were another way to developing cultural identity. Other ways American Indian activist tried to encourage cultural identity is by urging bilingualism and the renewed attention to tribal rituals They aggressively used the legal system to gain demands that were stated in old treaties. They gained recognition of specific fishing and agricultural rights. Mexican American highlighted a very complex ethnic identity. A general term of Spanish-speaking people was Latino or Hispanic, but under this general term there was great diversity. Cuban Americans who came to South Florida in 1960 enjoyed more access to education and higher income than other Latinos who came later. Immigrants from Dominican Republic and Central America in general were the most economically deprived. Like other ethnic groups, the Spanish-speaking also showed and increased sense of cultural pride known as Chicanismo. Town in the Southwest such as San Antonio experienced the most considerable cultural ferment and political-social change. As more Asian Americans began to reveal the experiences of the internment camps during the Second World War, it turned into a political agitation. Also, Asian American developed a new Asian American view which encourage people with different ancestral roots in Asia to join together and form a single pan-Asian movement. Groups such as the Asian Pacific Planning Council and National Asian Pacific American Network Council lobbied to obtain government funding for projects that benefited Asian American Communities and lobbied on issues relating to immigrants and education.
8.The new right composed of many different constituencies including the neoconservaties and protestant churches. The neoconservatives of this era denounced the Great Society, emphasized economic freedom and limited government. They worked to reinvigorate the nation's anticommunist foreign policy and celebrate its capitalist economic system. The protestants in fundamentalist and evangelical chruches also supported the New Right and developed the New Religious right. The New Relgious Right dealt with redefining the relationship between religious and political action.They believed that religious values should actively shape political policy making. The New Right felt that churches could provide divinely inspired assistance to people in programs such as welfare agencies. The New right also opposed degenerate lifestyles, particularly those espoused by feminists and homosexuals and emphazised the importance of family values.
6.The New Woman's Movement still focused on political empowerment but gender equality in the workplace and more financial aid for single mothers. During this time the number of children living in low-income, female-headed families were increasing. Activists tried improve this situation by encouraging the public to provide more assistance to single mother. Homeless shelter which once accommodated only men, increasingly tried to meet he needs of women and children. In order to help single mother the government tried to encourage more women to join the workforce but the workplace was laced with inequalities. The average female worker still made less than 70 cents for every dollar earned by the average male worker. Also, it was very hard for women to get a promotion in the male dominated workforce. Sexual harassment was another big issue Woman's movement fought for. The Supreme Court ruled that sexual harassment was a form of discrimination which was covered under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. The pressure for gender equity from the woman's movement greatly affected some institutions such as the Country Clubs and Protestant church which started include women in their group.
7. During this time, African Americans, American Indians, Mexican Americans, and Asian American developed and high sense of cultural identity. During the 20th century African Americans expressed black power and cultural pride. This sense of cultural pride is shown by the movie, Malcolm X and the creation of the Black Entertainment Television network which aimed its programming especially to African American viewers. Although it has been many since the emancipation of the slave African American activists still had to fight for equal treatment in the legal and criminal justice systems. One form of the discrimination that African Americans faced was the differences in sentencing of convicted felons. Courts imposed much harsher sentences for crimes involving drugs such as crack and cocaine, which were more consumed in African American communities, than for crimes involving more expensive form of cocaine, that is favored by white American. Also, in general the African American were more likely to recieve the death sentence for capital crime that felons of other ethnicity. African Americans also faced racial profiling. Police were more suspicious of African Americans and they would stop black motorists more ofter than members of any other ethnic group. Although African American still had to face racial discrimination, they did gain more political power. In 1970 13 African Americans formed the Congressional Black Caucus. During the 20th century, American Indians fought back for their native lands, political power, and equality. There were also legal and social changes were taking place at the same. The Civil Rights act of 1968 also included sections known as the "Indian Bill of Rights". These sections extended many of the rights stated in the Bill of Rights to American Indians. American Indian activism also fought to protect their tribal identity. American Indians sued to protect tribal waters, traditional religious ceremonies and to secure repatriation of Indian skeletal remains. Powwows were another way to developing cultural identity. Other ways American Indian activist tried to encourage cultural identity is by urging bilingualism and the renewed attention to tribal rituals They aggressively used the legal system to gain demands that were stated in old treaties. They gained recognition of specific fishing and agricultural rights. Mexican American highlighted a very complex ethnic identity. A general term of Spanish-speaking people was Latino or Hispanic, but under this general term there was great diversity. Cuban Americans who came to South Florida in 1960 enjoyed more access to education and higher income than other Latinos who came later. Immigrants from Dominican Republic and Central America in general were the most economically deprived. Like other ethnic groups, the Spanish-speaking also showed and increased sense of cultural pride known as Chicanismo. Town in the Southwest such as San Antonio experienced the most considerable cultural ferment and political-social change. As more Asian Americans began to reveal the experiences of the internment camps during the Second World War, it turned into a political agitation. Also, Asian American developed a new Asian American view which encourage people with different ancestral roots in Asia to join together and form a single pan-Asian movement. Groups such as the Asian Pacific Planning Council and National Asian Pacific American Network Council lobbied to obtain government funding for projects that benefited Asian American Communities and lobbied on issues relating to immigrants and education.
8.The new right composed of many different constituencies including the neoconservaties and protestant churches. The neoconservatives of this era denounced the Great Society, emphasized economic freedom and limited government. They worked to reinvigorate the nation's anticommunist foreign policy and celebrate its capitalist economic system. The protestants in fundamentalist and evangelical chruches also supported the New Right and developed the New Religious right. The New Relgious Right dealt with redefining the relationship between religious and political action.They believed that religious values should actively shape political policy making. The New Right felt that churches could provide divinely inspired assistance to people in programs such as welfare agencies. The New right also opposed degenerate lifestyles, particularly those espoused by feminists and homosexuals and emphazised the importance of family values.
Missing questions 4, 9, and 10.
ReplyDeleteGrade 25/40